The Three Stooges - Comedy Activism

The 190 short subject films produced by Columbia Pictures by The Three Stooges, an American vaudeville and comedy troupe active from 1922 to 1970, are what people most often recall them for. Slapstick and physical comedy were two of their signature genres. Moe Howard (born Moses Horwitz) and Larry Fine (born Louis Feinberg) were constants throughout the group's nearly 50-year run, while the crucial "third stooge" was played by (in appearance order) Shemp Howard (born Samuel Horwitz), Curly Howard (born Jerome Horwitz), Shemp Howard again, Joe Besser, and "Curly Joe" DeRita.

Early in the 1920s, Ted Healy and His Stooges—a comedy team that featured Ted Healy and Moe Howard at the time—performed the act as a part of a vaudeville show. In due course, Moe's sibling Shemp Howard and then Larry Fine joined them. Before Shemp quit to pursue a solo career, the four made an appearance in one major motion picture, Soup to Nuts. In 1932, his younger brother Jerome "Curly" Howard, who was also named Moe, took his position. The trio signed on to star in their own short-subject comedies for Columbia Pictures two years later after making appearances in various films. They were then billed as "The Three Stooges" and departed Healy. Moe, Larry, and Curly created more than 90 short films for Columbia between 1934 and 1946, which contributed to their popularity peak.

In May of 1946, Curly experienced a crippling stroke. Three years and ten months after Curly's demise from a cerebral hemorrhage on January 18, 1952, Shemp made a comeback and reassembled the original lineup until his passing on November 22, 1955, from a heart attack. In order to complete four Shemp-era shorts that were contractually required, film actor Joe Palma stood in (with his face obscured by a shot from behind). It became known as the "fake Shemp" technique to pose one actor as another outside of stunt shots. For two years (1956–1957), Joe Besser was a third Stooge on a contract with Columbia. After the company shut down its shorts business, he left the team in 1958 to care for his ailing wife. Then, through Columbia's television production and distribution division, Screen Gems, the company distributed each of the short films. The Stooges later became one of the most well-known comic groups of the early 1960s after Screen Gems syndicated the shorts on television.

In 1958, Joe DeRita, a comic actor, took on the monicker "Curly Joe" to take over for Besser in a fresh batch of theatrically released full-length movies. Up until Larry's debilitating stroke in the middle of making a pilot for a Three Stooges TV series in January 1970, the act had garnered popularity in the 1960s thanks to extensive television exposure in the United States. Following several strokes, he passed away in January 1975. Attempts to resurrect the act with veteran supporting actor Emil Sitka in Fine's place were unsuccessful in 1970 and 1975, but they were unsuccessful because Moe Howard passed away on May 4, 1975, ending those attempts.

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